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Declensions
1st& 2ndPers. Pronouns
❶
I... / ...me
You
We... / ...us
You(pl͘)/Y’all
Him/Her/Their=Self(ves)
Nom͘ (“___͘͘͘”)
EGO
TŪ
NŌS
VŌS
Ipse,-a,-um
Gen.(“of͘͘͘”/ “͘͘͘’s”)
MEĪ
TUĪ
NOSTRĪ
VESTRĪ
SUĪ
Dat͘ (“to/for͘͘͘”)
MIHI
TIBI
NŌBĪS
VŌBĪS
SIBI
Acc͘
(“͘͘͘___”)
MĒ
TĒ
NŌS
VŌS
SĒ
Abl.(SIDSPACE...)
MĒ
TĒ
NŌBĪS
VŌBĪS
SĒ
Chart ❷ - When a form is colored, you can trust that it is
ONLY that gender (masculine/feminine/neuter).
Present Active Participle (PrAP)
1st Decl.
2nd Decl.
3rd Decl.
4thDecl.
5thDecl.
ENDINGS: (Neut.) ❷
“..._______ing”
❻
ADVERBS (“___-ly”)
-ē OR -um
-iter
Nom͘ (“The ___”)
-a
-us / -um
- ? / -?_
-us/-ū.
-ēs
–NS, -NTIS, -NTĪ (etc.)
Gen͘ (“of the ___”)
-ae
-ī
-is
-ūs
-ēī
Dat͘ (“to/for the ___”)
-ae
-ō
-ī
-uī/-ū.
-ēī
SUPINE: [The action] “to ____” ❼
Acc͘ (“͘͘͘the ___”)
-am
-um / -um
-em / -?_
-um/-ū.
-em
PPP + -UM / -Ū = vocātū(m)
Abl. (SIDSPACE the ___)
-ā
-ō
-e (or -ī)
-ū
-ē
Nom.Pl. (“The ___s”)
-ae
-ī / -a_
-ēs / -a_
-ūs/-ua
-ēs
GERUND:
❽
Gen͘ Pl͘(“of the ___s”)
-ārum
-ōrum
-(i)um
-uum
-ērum
“͘͘͘[the action of] ____ing”
Dat͘Pl͘(“to/for the ___s”)
-īs
-ibus
-ibus
-ēbus
FPP + -NDĪ /-NDŌ/-NDUM/-NDŌ
Acc͘Pl͘ (“the ___s”)
-ās
-ōs / -a_
-ēs / -a_
-ūs/-ua
-ēs
Abl.Pl.(SIDSPACE the __s)
-īs
-ibus
-ibus
-ēbus
GERUNDIVE (FPP)
❾
“...(going/about) to-be-____ed”
FPP
-NDUS / -NDA / -NDUM
❸ * Adj.’s Decline (etc.)
ADJECTIVES (m,f,n)
ADVERBS
(etc.)
(etc.)
(etc.)
Positive
(“___”)
-us,-a,-um
-?
-ē
-iter
-is,-e *
-um
PLACE-CONSTRUCTIONS:
❿
-er,-eris,-ere*
FROM:
Ab/Ex + ___Abl.____
Comparative (“__er”)
-ior (m. & f.), -ius (n.)*
-ius
IN/AT:
In + ___Abl.____
TO(WARD): Ad + Acc.____
Superlative(“__est”)
-issim + us,-a,-um *
-issim + ē
For Cities, Towns, Small Islands (= a town),
VOCATIVE CASE ❹
Series Separators: ❺
“domus,-ī”,
“humus,-ī” ,” & “rūs, rūris”:
Vocative = Nominative
TO: AT: FROM:
(1) Skip these prepositions.
Except: -us => -e (“Marce”)
Where: quō? ubi? unde?
(2) Disregard this line, and instead use a
-ius => -ī
(“Marī”)
Here: hūc hīc hinc
LOCATIVE (chart below) for in/at:
There: illūc illīc illinc
Then: ...tum tunc...
1st Decl.
2nd Decl.
3rd Decl
Now: ...iam nunc...
S.
-AE
- Ī
-E
abhinc
abhinc
Pl.
-ĪS
-ĪS
-IBUS
Anytime:
🕘
·
·
·
·
🕛
·
·
·
·
🕒
🕘
🕛
🕒
Like Genitive
LIke Ablative
adhūc adhūc
Charts ⓫A-D - When a form is colored, you can trust that it is ONLY that gender (masculine/feminine/neuter).
Masc.
Fem.
Neut.
Masc.
Fem.
Neut.
Pers. Pronouns:⓫A
Rel. Pronouns: ⓫B
Nom͘ “(S)He/It”)
is
ea
id
Nom͘
(“Who/Which”)
quī
quae
quod
Gen͘
(“of him/her/it”)
eius
Gen͘(“of Whom/Which ”)
cuius
Dat͘ (“to/for
”)
eī
Dat͘ (“to/for
”)
cui
Acc.
(“͘͘͘
”)
eum
eam
id
Acc͘
(“͘͘͘
”)
quem
quam
quod
Abl͘(“SIDSPACE
”)
eō
eā
eō
Abl͘(“SIDSPACE
”)
quō
quā
quō
Nom͘Pl͘ (“They”)
eī
eae
ea
Nom͘Pl͘
(“Who/Which”)
quī
quae
quae
Gen͘ Pl
͘(“of them”)
eōrum
eārum
eōrum
Gen͘Pl (“of whom/which”)
quōrum
quārum
quōrum
Dat͘Pl͘(“to/for
”)
eīs
Dat͘Pl͘(“to/for
”)
quibus
Acc͘Pl͘ (“͘ ͘ ͘
”)
eōs
eās
ea
Acc͘Pl͘ (“͘ ͘ ͘
”)
quōs
quās
quae
Abl͘(“SIDSPACE
”)
eīs
Abl͘(“SIDSPACE
”)
quibus
Masc.
Fem.
Neut.
Dem. Pronouns: ⓫D
Masc.
Fem.
Neut.
Dem. Pronouns:⓫C
Nom͘
(“This (one)”)
hic
haec
hoc
Nom͘
(“That (one)”)
ille
illa
illud
Gen͘
(“of
”)
huīus
Gen͘
(“of
”)
illīus
Dat͘ (“to/for
”)
huic
Dat͘ (“to/for
”)
illī
Acc͘
(“͘͘͘
”)
hunc
hanc
hoc
Acc͘
(“͘͘͘
”)
illum
illam
illud
Abl͘(“SIDSPACE
”)
hōc
hāc
hōc
Abl͘(“SIDSPACE
”)
illō
illā
illō
Nom͘Pl͘
(“These (ones)”)
hī
hae
haec
Nom͘Pl͘ (“Those (ones)”)
illī
illae
illa
Gen͘ Pl
(“of
”)
hōrum
hārum
hōrum
Gen͘ Pl
(“of
”)
illōrum
illārum
illōrum
Dat͘Pl͘(“to/for
”)
hīs
Dat͘Pl͘(“to/for
”)
illīs
Acc͘Pl͘ (“͘ ͘ ͘
”)
hōs
hās
haec
Acc͘Pl͘ (“͘ ͘ ͘
”)
illōs
illās
illa
Abl͘(“SIDSPACE
”)
hīs
Abl͘(“SIDSPACE
”)
illīs
NUMBERS: ⓬
TEENS
DECADES
HUNDREDS
ūnus, ūna, ūnum (I)
ūn - decim (XI)
decem
(X)
centum
(C)
duo, duae, duo (II)
duo-decim (XII)
vīgintī
(XX)
du-centī,-ae,-a
(CC)
trēs, trēs, tria (III) tre -
" (XIII)
trīgintā
(XXX)
tre-centī,-ae,-a
(CCC)
quattuor
(IV)
quattuor-" (XIV)
quadrāgintā (XL)
quadr-ingentī,-ae,-a (CD)
quinque
(V) quīn -
"
(XV)
quinquāgintā (L)
qu-īngentī,-ae,-a
(D)
sex
(VI) sē -
" (XVI)
sexāgintā (LX)
ses-centī,-ae,-a
(DC)
septem
(VII) septen- " (XVII)
septuāgintā (LXX)
sept-ingentī,-ae,-a
(DCC)
octō
(VIII) duo-dē-vīgintī(XVIII)
octōgintā
(LXXX)
oct-ingentī,-ae,-a
(DCCC)
nōvem
(IX)
ūn-dē-vīgintī(XIX)
nōnāgintā
(XC)
nōn-gentī,-ae,-a
(CM)
decem
(X)
vīgintī(XX)
centum
(C)
mīlle
(M)
Numbers: ⓬
Geometric Muiltipliers:
Ordinal Numbers:
Groupings:
ūnus, ūna, ūnum
Semel - Once
Prīmus,-a,-um-1st
singulī,-ae,-a - individuals
duo, duae, duo
Bis - Twice...
Secundus,-a,-um-2nd
bīnī,-ae,-a - pairs
trēs, trēs, tria
Ter - Thrice...
Tertius,-a,-um-3rd
trīnī,-ae,-a - triads
quattuor
Quater - 4 times...
Quartus,-a,-um-4th
quaternī,-ae,-a - tetrads
quinque
Quinquiē(n)s-5x...
Quīntus,-a,-um-5th
quīnī,-ae,-a - pentads
sex
Sexiē(n)s-6x...
Sextus,-a,-um-6th
sēnī,-ae,-a - hexads
septem
Septiē(n)s-7x...
Septimus,-a,-um-7th
septēnī,-ae,-a - heptads
octō
Octiē(n)s-8x...
Octāvus,-a,-um-8th
octōnī,-ae,-a - octads
nōvem
Noniē(n)s-9x...
Nōnus,-a,-um-9th
novēnī,-ae,-a - enneads
decem
Deciē(n)s-10x...
Decimus,-a,-um-10th
dēnī,-ae,-a - decades
The Present System
IMPERATIVE COMMANDS: Singular(Plural)
Grey = Pres.Sys.Stem
⓭
1st Conj.
2nd Conj
3rd Conj.
3rd-IO Conj.
4th Conj.
BE
GO
____!
Natā(te)!
Habē(te)!
Cade*(-ite)!
Cape*(-ite)!
Venī(te)!
__-es(te)!
___-ī(te)!
* - “e” disappears in the plural͘
PRESENT (Active/Passive) INFINITIVES:
“To ______”
⓮
1st Conj.
2nd Conj
3rd Conj.
3rd-IO Conj.
4th Conj.
BE
GO
To ____
natāre
habēre
cadere
capere
venīre
___-esse
__-īre
To be__ed
natārī
habērī
cadī
capī
venīrī
- - - - - - -
- - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FUTURE TENSE:
“͘͘͘will ____”
“͘͘͘will be ___ed”
⓯A
1st Conj.
2nd Conj
Passives
3rd Conj.
3rd-IO Conj. 4th Conj.
Passives
BE
GO
I
natā-bō
habē-bō
-bor
cad-a-m
capi-a-m
veni-a-m
-r
___-erō
___-ībō
You
natā-bi-s
habē-bi-s
-beris
cad-ē-s
capi-ē-s
veni-ē-s
-ris
___-eris
___-ībis
(S)He/It
nata-bi-t
habē-bi-t
-bi-tur
cad-e-t
capi-e-t
veni-e-t
-tur
___-erit
___-ībit
We
natā·bi·mus
habē·bi·mus-bi-mur
cad·ē·muscapi·ē·mus
veni·ē·mus -mur
___-erimus
___-ībimus
Y’all
natā·bi·tis
habē·bi·tis-bi-minī
cad-ē-tis
capi-ē-tis
veni-ē-tis
-minī
___-eritis
___-ībitis
They
nata-bunt
habē-bunt
-buntur
cad-e-nt
capi-e-nt
veni-e-nt
-ntur
___-erunt
___-ībunt
PRESENT TENSE:
“͘͘͘ ____s”
“͘͘͘am/is/are ___ed” .
Grey = Pres.Sys.Stem
⓯B
1st Conj.
2nd Conj
3rd Conj.
3rd-IO Conj.
4th Conj.
Passives
BE
GO
I
natā-ō
habe-ō
cad-ō
capi-ō
veni-ō
-r
___-sum
___-eō
You
natā-s
habē-s
cad-is
capi-s
venī-s
-ris
___-es
___-īs
(S)He/It
nata-t
habe-t
cad-it
capi-t
veni-t
-tur
___-est
___-it
We
natā-mus
habē-mus
cad-imus
capi-mus
venī-mus
-mur
___-sumus
___-īmus
Y’all
natā-tis
habē-tis
cad-itis
capi-tis
venī-tis
-minī
___-estis
___-ītis
They
nata-nt
habe-nt
cad-unt
capi-unt
veni-unt
-ntur
___-sunt
___-eunt
IMPERFECT TENSE: “...was/were ____ing” “͘͘͘was/were being ___ed”
Grey = Connecting vowel
⓯C
1st Conj.
2nd Conj
3rd Conj.
3rd-IO Conj.
4th Conj.
Passives
BE
GO
I
natā-ba-m
habē-ba-m
cad-ēba-m
capi-ēba-m
veni-ēba-m -r
___-eram
___-ībam
You
natā-bā-s
habē-bā-s
cad-ēbā-s
capi-ēbā-s
veni-ēbā-s
-ris
___-erās
___-ībās
(S)He/It
natā-ba-t
habē-ba-t
cad-ēba-t
capi-ēba-t
veni-ēba-t
-tur
___-erat
___-ībat
We
natā-bā-mus habē-bā-mus cad-ēbā-mus
capi-ēbā-musveni-ēbā-mus-mur
___-erāmus
___-ībāmus
Y’all
natā-bā-tis
habē-bā-tis
cad-ēbā-tis
capi-ēbā-tis veni-ēbā-tis
-minī
___-erātis
___-ībātis
They
natā-ba-nt
habē-ba-nt
cad-ēba-nt
capi-ēba-nt
veni-ēba-nt
-ntur
___-erant
___-ībant
IMPERATIVE COMMANDS: Singular(Plural)
* - “e” disappears in the plural͘
⓰
1st Conj.
2nd Conj
3rd Conj.
3rd-IO Conj.
4th Conj.
BE
GO
____!
Natā(te)!
Habē(te)!
Cade*(-ite)!
Cape*(-ite)!
Venī(te)!
__-es(te)!
___-ī(te)!
Don’t __!
Nōlī(te)
Nōlī(te)
Nōlī(te)
Nōlī(te)
Nōlī(te)
Nōlī(te)
Nōlī(te)
natāre!
habēre!
cadere!
capere!
venīre!
esse!
īre!
Be____ed!
Natā-re !
Habē-re !
Cade-re
!
Cape-re
!
Venī-re
!
(pl.)
(-minī)
(-minī)
(-i-minī)
(-i-minī)
(-minī)
Don’t (pl.)
Nōlī(te)
Nōlī(te)
be ____ed!
habērī!
capī !
PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE:
(“͘͘͘may ____”)
“͘͘͘may be ____ed” .
⓱A
1st Conj.
2nd Conj
3rd Conj.
3rd-IO Conj.
4th Conj.
Passives
BE
GO
I
nat-e-m
hab-ea-m
cad-a-m
capi-a-m
ven-ia-m
-r
___-sim
___-eam
You
nat-ē-s
hab-ea-s
cad-ā-s
capi-ā-s
ven-iā-s
-ris
___-sīs
___-eās
(S)He/It
nat-e-t
hab-ea-t
cad-a-t
capi-a-t
ven-ia-t
-tur
___-sit
___-eat
We
nat-ē-mus
hab-eā-mus
cad-ā-mus
capi-ā-mus
ven-iā-mus
-mur
___-sīmus
___-eāmus
Y’all
nat-ē-tis
hab-eā-tis
cad-ā-tis
capi-ā-tis
ven-iā-tis
-minī
___-sītis
___-eātis
They
nat-e-nt
hab-ea-nt
cad-a-nt
capi-a-nt
ven-ia-nt
-ntur
___-sint
___-eant
“ B.E.n
r.EA.d
A
d.IA.ry͘”
IMPF. SUBJUNCTIVE: (“͘͘͘might __”)
“͘͘͘might be ____ed”
⓱B
1st Conj.
2nd Conj
3rd Conj.
3rd-IO Conj.
4th Conj.
Passives
BE
GO1
I
natāre-m
habēre-m
cadere-m
capere-m
venīre-m
-r
___-essem
___-īrem
You
natārē-s
habērē-s
caderē-s
caperē-s
venīrē-s
-ris
___-essēs
___-īrēs
(S)He/It natāre-t
habēre-t
cadere-t
capere-t
venīre-t
-tur
___-esset
___-īret
We
natārē-mus
habērē-mus
caderē-mus
caperē-mus
venīrē-mus
-mur
__-essēmus
___-īrēmus
Y’all
natārē-tis
habērē-tis
caderē-tis
caperē-tis
venīrē-tis
-minī
___-essētis
___-īrētis
They
natārē-nt
habēre-nt
cadere-nt
capere-nt
venīre-nt
-ntur
___-essent
___-īrent
FUTURE-PERFECT TENSE:
FUTURE ACTIVE INFINITIVE:
⓲A
“͘͘͘will’ve____ed” “͘͘͘will’ve been___ed”
“...to be going/about to _______.”
⓯D
Actives
Passives
Active
I
habu-erō
habitus,-a,-um erō
habitūrus,-a,-um esse
You
habu-eris
habitus,-a,-um eris
FUTURE ACTIVE PARTICIPLE: (FAP)
⓲B
(S)He/It
habu-erit
habitus,-a,-um erit
“͘͘͘going/about to ___”
We
habu-erimus
habitī,-ae,-a erimus
Active
Y’all
habu-eritis
habitī,-ae,-a eritis
habitūrus,-a,-um
They
habu-erint
habitī,-ae,-a erint
PERFECT TENSE:
Grey = Perf.Sys.Stem
PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE TENSE:
“͘͘͘____ed”
“͘͘͘was___ed”
“͘͘͘may’ve ____ed” “͘͘͘may’ve been___ed”
⓯E
Actives
Passives
⓱C
Active
Passives Subjunctives
I
habu-ī
habitus,-a,-um sum
I
habu-eri-m
habitus,-a,-um sim
You
habu-istī
habitus,-a,-um es
You
habu-eri-s
habitus,-a,-um sīs
(S)He/It
habu-it
habitus,-a,-um est
(S)He/It
habu-eri-t
habitus,-a,-um sit
We
habu-imus
habitī,-ae,-a sumus
We
habu-eri-mus
habitī,-ae,-a sīmus
Y’all
habu-istis
habitī,-ae,-a estis
Y’all
habu-eri-tis
habitī,-ae,-a sītis
They
habu-ērunt
habitī,-ae,-a sunt
They
habu-eri-nt
habitī,-ae,-a sint
PLUPERFECT TENSE:
PLUPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE TENSE:
“͘͘had͘____ed” “͘͘͘had been___ed”
“͘͘͘might’ve ____ed” “͘..might’ve been___ed”
⓯F
Actives
Passives
⓱D
Active
Passives Subjunctives
I
habu-eram
habitus,-a,-um eram
I
habu-isse-m
habitus,-a,-um essem
You
habu-erās
habitus,-a,-um erās
You
habu-issē-s
habitus,-a,-um essēs
(S)He/It
habu-erat
habitus,-a,-um erat
(S)He/It
habu-isse-t
habitus,-a,-um esset
We
habu-erāmus
habitī,-ae,-a erāmus
We
habu-issē-mus
habitī,-ae,-a essēmus
Y’all
habu-erātis
habitī,-ae,-a erātis
Y’all
habu-issē-tis
habitī,-ae,-a essētis
They
habu-erant
habitī,-ae,-a erant
They
habu-isse-nt
habitī,-ae,-a essent
PERFECT (Active/Passive) INFINITIVES:
⓳A
“...to have _____ed.”
“...to have been ___ed.”
Active
Passive
The Perfect
habu-isse
habitus,-a,-um esse
PERFECT (Active/Passive) PARTICIPLE:
(PAP/PPP)
⓳B
System
“͘͘͘having ___ed͘”
“͘͘͘having been ___ed͘”
Active (Deponent)
Passive
(This Page)
locutus,-a,-um
habitus,-a,-um
